{"id":603,"date":"2022-06-05T20:10:01","date_gmt":"2022-06-05T18:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/?p=603"},"modified":"2022-07-19T14:44:56","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T12:44:56","slug":"ezln-38-let-zvysovani-povedomi-a-budovani-autonomie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/2022\/06\/05\/ezln-38-let-zvysovani-povedomi-a-budovani-autonomie\/","title":{"rendered":"EZLN: 38 let zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed a budov\u00e1n\u00ed autonomie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

26. 11. 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

17. listopadu jsme si p\u0159ipomn\u011bli 38. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed Zapatovy arm\u00e1dy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho osvobozen\u00ed (EZLN, Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional) mal\u00e9 gerilov\u00e9 skupiny slo\u017een\u00e9 z p\u011bti mu\u017e\u016f a jedn\u00e9 \u017eeny, t\u0159\u00ed meztic\u016f a t\u0159\u00ed domorod\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vstoupili do hornat\u00e9 oblasti Lacandonsk\u00e9 d\u017eungle v mexick\u00e9m jihov\u00fdchod\u011b. Pom\u011br jej\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed se zm\u011bnil: politicko-vojensk\u00e1 organizace je v sou\u010dasnosti v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b domorod\u00e1 s podstatn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm \u017een ve v\u0161ech organiza\u010dn\u00edch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

17. listopadu jsme si p\u0159ipomn\u011bli 38. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed Zapatovy arm\u00e1dy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho osvobozen\u00ed (EZLN, Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional) malou gerilovou skupinou slo\u017eenou z p\u011bti mu\u017e\u016f a jedn\u00e9 \u017eeny, t\u0159\u00ed meztic\u016f a t\u0159\u00ed domorod\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vstoupili do hornat\u00e9 oblasti Lacandonsk\u00e9 d\u017eungle v mexick\u00e9m jihov\u00fdchod\u011b. Pom\u011br jej\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed se zm\u011bnil: politicko-vojensk\u00e1 organizace je v sou\u010dasnosti v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b domorod\u00e1 s podstatn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm \u017een ve v\u0161ech organiza\u010dn\u00edch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zapatisti\u010dt\u00ed Mayov\u00e9 u\u0161li mnoho cest b\u011bhem t\u011bchto osmat\u0159iceti let v utajen\u00ed. Rekrutac\u00ed a exponencion\u00e1ln\u00edm r\u016fstem jejich \u0159ad mezi Tseltali, Tsotsily, Choli, Tojobali a Mami, jejich vojenskou a politickou p\u0159\u00edpravou na povst\u00e1n\u00ed 1. ledna 1994, dialogem a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm Dohod se San Andr\u00e9s s feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dou (1996), po zrad\u011b politick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy a t\u0159emi pravomocemi Unie1<\/sup>, v\u00fdj\u00edme\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd se otev\u0159el stavbou a zes\u00edlen\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00ed, obecn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed samospr\u00e1vou, zalo\u017eenou na autonomii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EZLN provedla autonomn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed a strategii m\u00edrov\u00e9ho odporu proti protipovstaleck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, organizovan\u00e9mu zlo\u017einu, paramilitarismu a korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed invazi na jejich teritoria. To v\u0161e jde d\u00e1le za jejich samospr\u00e1vn\u00ed, transforma\u010dn\u00ed a autonomn\u00ed subjekt v rozd\u00edln\u00fdch sm\u011brech: mezigenera\u010dn\u00ed a genderov\u00e9 vztahy, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou participaci \u017een a mlad\u00fdch, st\u00e1l\u00e9 politick\u00e9, kulturn\u00ed a ideologick\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpravu a \u00falevu bojovnosti politick\u00fdch prostor\u016f v jejich struktur\u00e1ch a hierarchi\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato zku\u0161enost obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 autonomie tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad revolu\u010dn\u00ed povahy t\u011bchto proces\u016f ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vysoce politizovan\u00fdch a participa\u010dn\u00edch komunit, kter\u00e9 mohou zalo\u017eit nov\u00fd typ demokracie a forem vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 jsou slou\u010deny v konceptu \u201cvl\u00e1dnout poslouch\u00e1n\u00edm\u201d, redefinic\u00ed s okoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, lok\u00e1ln\u00edm a n\u00e1rodn\u00edm, a re\u00e1lnou zm\u011bnou ve v\u00fdvoji solid\u00e1rn\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obrana autonomie p\u0159ed trhem a jeho st\u00e1tn\u00edmi agenty znamen\u00e1 kontrolu teritoria a komunit. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zapatisti\u010dt\u00ed Mayov\u00e9 s\u00edl\u00ed v m\u00edstech, kde jejich hegemonie p\u0159eva\u017euje, multietnick\u00e1 vazba rozd\u00edln\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed sekul\u00e1rn\u00edch konflikt\u016f a kulturn\u00edch rozd\u00edlnost\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e nespadli do pozice vanguardismu2<\/sup>, kter\u00e1 charakterizuje mnoho n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00fdch skupin, zapatist\u00e9 iniciovali zformov\u00e1n\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho domorod\u00e9ho kongresu- Domorod\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed rady (CNI-CIG, Congreso Nacional Ind\u00edgena \u2013 Consejo Ind\u00edgena de Gobierno), kter\u00fd v sou\u010dasnosti zt\u011bles\u0148uje odpor domorod\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f proti procesu rekolonizace pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se speci\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1znost\u00ed sou\u010dasnou vl\u00e1dou historick\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 politicko-vojensk\u00e1 organizace, kter\u00e1 se objevila po triumfu Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluce, EZLN p\u0159ekonala perspektivy proletari\u00e1tu o revolu\u010dn\u00edch subjektech vytvo\u0159en\u00edm lidov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy s domorod\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159ivlastnili povstaleck\u00fd projekt a transformovli ho. Tento fakt znamen\u00e1 kvalitativn\u00ed zm\u011bnu v konceptu domorod\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u011b-osvobozeneck\u00e9 organizace zast\u00e1valy a ve kter\u00e9m, v lep\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, nahl\u00ed\u017eeli na domorod\u00e9 lidi, jako na sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho a pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho spojence revolu\u010dn\u00edm proces\u016fm, na kter\u00e9ho se mus\u00ed aplikovat vnucen\u00e1 forma paternalistick\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed. Daleko od zatuchl\u00e9 verze Marxismu je aplikov\u00e1n na objektivn\u00ed a subjektivn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, se kter\u00fdmi se zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed skupina setk\u00e1v\u00e1, co\u017e podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zp\u016fsobuje roztr\u0161ky, kritku a neshody, kter\u00e9 kvetou v nejednozna\u010dn\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1\u0161t\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m kontaxtu tak pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed pouze protipovstalectv\u00ed a etablovan\u00e9 moci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory protipovstaleck\u00e9 strategii, kter\u00e1 je aktivn\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b od roku 1994, v sou\u010dasnosti umocn\u011bn\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u011b provokativn\u00edmi akcemi zlo\u010dinn\u00e9ho paramilitarismu, militarizace a militarismu nasazen\u00fdch v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a hloubce n\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed sou\u010dasnou vl\u00e1dou tzv. \u201e\u010ctvrt\u00e9 transformace\u201c, EZLN slav\u00ed sv\u00e9 38. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed s odv\u00e1\u017enou politickou iniciativou pro \u017eivot, proti kapitalismu, rasismu a patriarch\u00e1tu, kter\u00e1 dotahuje a\u017e na hranice sv\u011bta sv\u016fj dialog s n\u00e1rody a hnut\u00edmi v boji, po\u010d\u00ednaje neposlu\u0161nou p\u016fdou Evropy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed plamene konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e9 utopie, etick\u00e1 shoda \u201cv\u0161echno pro v\u0161echny, nic pro n\u00e1s\u201d je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 z\u00e1sluha EZLN v jejich 38 letech boje, bez kapitulace, prod\u00e1n\u00ed se, nebo podd\u00e1n\u00ed se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gilberto L\u00f3pez y Rivas<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b vyd\u00e1no ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b v La Jornada<\/a> 26. listopadu 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\/ Pravomoci Unie (Poderes de la Uni\u00f3n) je \u00fastavn\u00ed term\u00edn odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed na t\u0159i v\u011btv\u011b mexick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy: v\u00fdkonou moc, prezidenta Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f mexick\u00fdch; legislativn\u00ed moc, Kongres Unie a soudn\u00ed moc, Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed soud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\/ V p\u0159ekladu p\u0159edvoj. Ve smyslu teorie leninistick\u00e9ho revolu\u010dn\u00edho boje, kdy nejv\u00edce \u201cpokro\u010dil\u00e9\u201d \u010d\u00e1sti proletari\u00e1tu zformuj\u00ed organizaci za c\u00edlem uk\u00e1zat zbytku pracuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy sm\u011br k revolu\u010dn\u00ed politice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na eshopu jsou je\u0161t\u011b k dost\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00ed kusy zapatistick\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e z d\u00edlny \u010cern\u00e9 ruky a Rolety39<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17. listopadu minul\u00e9ho roku jsme si p\u0159ipomn\u011bli 38. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed Zapatovy arm\u00e1dy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho osvobozen\u00ed (EZLN, Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional) malou gerilovou skupinou slo\u017eenou z p\u011bti mu\u017e\u016f a jedn\u00e9 \u017eeny, t\u0159\u00ed meztic\u016f a t\u0159\u00ed domorod\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed vstoupili do hornat\u00e9 oblasti Lacandonsk\u00e9 d\u017eungle v mexick\u00e9m jihov\u00fdchod\u011b. Pom\u011br jej\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed se zm\u011bnil: politicko-vojensk\u00e1 organizace je v sou\u010dasnosti v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b domorod\u00e1 s podstatn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm \u017een ve v\u0161ech organiza\u010dn\u00edch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=603"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":643,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603\/revisions\/643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saledistro.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}